A billion-dollar telescope is already in development. It is designed to include its flagship, "Large Earth Finder," to search for habitable Earth-like planets.
Giant Magellan Telescope to Come With Large Earth Finder
The Giant Magellan Telescope won't be operational until the early 2030s, but it should be worth the wait, especially for its flagship instruments, the "Large Earth Finder" and "Near-Infrared Spectrograph."
According to Rebecca Bernstein, Chief Scientist for the Giant Magellan Telescope, this telescope will enhance the research done with both JWST and the Vera Rubin Observatory. It has two strategically placed pieces of equipment to do direct imaging of Earth-like planets to locate planets that may harbor life, Forbes reported.
According to its website, the Large Earth Finder will weigh other planets that resemble Earth and look for biosignatures like oxygen in their atmospheres, such as oxygen. Characterizing quasars and the stars with the least amount of metal, such as the [Fe/H]-7.1 star SMSS J031300.36-670839.3, are some of the other specialties. The Large Earth Finder can initially operate in natural vision with a high spatial resolution visible light Echelle spectrograph with red and blue channels.
It is the sole high-resolution visible spectrograph for the first ten years of operation on all three of the intended extremely large telescopes worldwide. As the initial science instrument, the device will be mounted on the Giant Magellan Telescope.
Examining Exoplanets
The studies of Proxima Centauri b, the known exoplanet four light-years away from Earth and the nearest to it are a good illustration of how it will function with JWST, per Forbes. According to Bernstein, with the help of the Giant Magellan Telescope, they can photograph it directly and take spectra of that planet to look for biosignatures in its atmosphere. Visible light spectra of the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b and other potentially habitable exoplanets will allow scientists to be more confident that biological or geological sources could produce the chemistry of an exoplanet atmosphere. JWST is designed to do infrared science-the study of long wavelengths of light that you can't do from the Earth well-but; there's so much important science that requires optical visible light wavelength.
Additionally, exoplanets that may harbor life must be chilly. For cooler exoplanets, researchers need telescopes that can study them in the light they reflect from their parent stars, according to Bernstein. Blowing hot exoplanets can be seen by infrared observatories.
The Giant Magellan Telescope will eventually be able to capture brief films of exoplanets revolving around their star systems. To see the planets as tiny sources of light orbiting their parent star, they first need to block out the parent star, much like one would do if they wanted to see a bird in the sky next to the sun.
Next, they can create a sharp enough image using highly advanced optical control instruments. With the aid of direct imaging, researchers will be able to do the following:
- Discover exoplanets for the first time (today, the transit or radial velocity method is used to find the majority of exoplanets).
- Observe their hue at various wavelengths to learn more about their makeup.
- Determine their composition.
- Recognize their reflectivity.
- Check to see if they are gaseous or rocky planets.
- Make an effort to learn more about the elements that make up a planet's core and whether or not it supports life.
To quantify the molecules in an exoplanet's atmosphere, you can also feed the light from those exoplanets into a spectrograph, Bernstein added. That is the secret to comprehending the existence of life and the distribution of various planets throughout the universe.
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