Chemotherapy kills cells, including cancer cells, and may result in various side effects in the body. While there are those who only experience few or no side effects, several individuals who undergo chemotherapy may experience some adverse effects.
Chemotherapy Side Effects
Chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer that involves drug use to prevent the growth of the tumor and destroy cancer cells. It could be paired with other kinds of cancer treatments, including surgery or radiation therapy. It is typically intravenous in terms of administration.
The exact side effects may vary depending on the involved drug. Common side effects of chemotherapy include a weaker immune system, more bleeding and bruising, anemia, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, constipation, neuropathy, and diarrhea.
Weaker Immune System
Both cancer itself and its treatment could lead to a weaker immune system. As chemotherapy also kills immune cells that are healthy, it can make the person more vulnerable to getting infection and to having infections that last longer.
Because of this, it is crucial to avoid anyone with an infectious condition, wash hands frequently, and avail of medical assistance in cases where signs of fever or infection are seen in order to reduce one's risk of getting seriously ill.
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Fatigue
It is common for those who undergo chemotherapy to experience fatigue. However, this fatigue is quite different from the typical tiredness. Chemotherapy-related fatigue could result in feeling slow, weak, and tired. Rest is also not enough to alleviate this kind of fatigue.
While fatigue may lessen after the treatment is finished, this does not happen in all cases.
More Bleeding and Bruising
Several individuals who undergo chemotherapy end up experiencing more bruising or bleeding.
As heavy bleeding could come with dangers, it is advised to take precautionary measures, including wearing gloves. When any serious bruises, wounds, or injuries take slower to heal, it is crucial to see a doctor.
Nausea and Vomiting
The onset of nausea and vomiting can be sudden. This could take place immediately after a session or after a few days.
To help with this, following dietary changes is advised. This may include eating high-calorie and smaller meals, having a bland diet, and avoiding some foods. Medications for anti-nausea can also help with this.
Constipation and Diarrhea
Digestion problems can result from chemotherapy as it may also damage cells that aid with digestion. With this, it is advised to eat well-tolerated and plain foods and to generally avoid food that can lead to stomach irritations. Over-the-counter medicines can also help with bowel movements.
Hydration can also dampen constipation severity and prevent diarrhea-caused dehydration.
Neuropathy
Neuropathy refers to nerve pain that results from nerve damages. It typically affects the hands and feet and may lead to odd burning sensations, numbness, and tingling. In some instances, people could also feel pain and weakness.
Lotions with capsaicin or lidocaine could help with this. However, further research may be necessary.
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